Cerebrovascular events during pregnancy and puerperium

Though cerebrovascular complications of pregnancy remain relatively rare, they represent a potentially devastating event that necessitates prompt identification and treatment. Eighteen percent of strokes occurring in young women are linked to pregnancy. They occur mostly in the third trimester or during the post-partum period. Their biggest risk factors are hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia and migraine. Cerebrovascular events occurring during this period may involve specific pathophysiological processes that include embolic phenomena or endothelial dysfunction, but can also have common etiologies that are simply favored by the context of pregnancy. Thus, posterior encephalopathy and vasoconstriction cerebral syndrome are relatively frequently involved in cerebrovascular complications of pregnancy. Other very specific causes like amniotic fluid embolism or postpartum cardiomyopathy can also be responsible for such events. The management of stroke during pregnancy must be multidisciplinary and include a neurovascular expertise. Some conditions can lead to a long-life follow-up and modify the management of a future pregnancy.     

减重代谢手术远期并发症预防及处理

近年来，我国减重代谢手术发展迅速且术式不断改进。但术后并发症却并未因此减少，每一种新术式均会带来新的问题，新的减重中心的成立均可能带来新的考验。随着我国减重代谢手术术后随访时间的延长，一些远期并发症开始逐渐出现。减重代谢外科医生应更加重视术后并发症的预防，而只有对发展中遇到的问题进行分析解决才能有效预防术后并发症的发生。     

脑梗死与脑出血早期鉴别的血清标志物概述

脑梗死是因局部脑组织血液供应障碍而导致脑组织坏死；脑出血则是因为各种原因导致 脑实质内血管破裂出血。虽然二者发病时临床症状有一定相似性，但其发病机制及病理生理过程截 然不同，这种差异可能会导致发病早期血清中一些蛋白及基因表达的差异。目前，文献中报道了几种 可用于鉴别脑梗死及脑出血的血清标志物，并分析了这些标志物用于脑梗死及脑出血早期鉴别诊断 的价值。本文将对这些血清标志物进行综述，希望能够为卒中早期鉴别诊断提供新思路。     

急性脑膨出预防模式在幕上重型颅脑外伤治疗中的应用及脑膨出危险因素分析

目的探讨急性脑膨出预防模式在幕上重型颅脑外伤（sTBI）大骨瓣减压术中的应用及脑膨出危险因素。 方法选取郴州市第一人民医院神经外科自2016年5月至2018年5月收治的行大骨瓣减压术治疗幕上sTBI的患者130例，根据随机数字表法分成对照组（65例）、观察组（65例）。对照组仅进行常规术前准备，观察组采用急性脑膨出预防模式。比较2组患者急性脑膨出发生率，术后随访6个月，利用GOS评分评价患者的预后。采用单因素与Logistic多因素分析急性脑膨出的危险因素。 结果观察组急性脑膨出发生率（9.23%）低于对照组（23.08%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组预后良好率（75.38%）显著高于对照组（56.92%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归模型提示GCS评分（3~5分）、无急性脑膨出预防模式、迟发型出血、弥漫性脑肿胀、脑挫伤是急性脑膨出的危险因素（P<0.05）。采用急性脑膨出预防模式是预防急性脑膨出的保护性因素（P<0.05）。 结论急性脑膨出预防模式的应用能降低幕上sTBI患者急性脑膨出发生率，可提高预后良好率，且急性脑膨出的发生与GCS评分（3~5分）、无急性脑膨出预防模式、迟发型出血、弥漫性脑肿胀、脑挫伤有关。     

Susceptibility weighted imaging in infants with staged embolization of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations

Background and purpose

The vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare congenital vascular malformation with a higher morbidity and mortality, especially in neonates. Ultrasound, CT and MR are usually used in diagnosis and treatment monitoring of these disorders. In this current study, we aim to examine utility of SWI in evaluation of treatment response in infants with VGAM.